Maltrato entre iguales
A continuación se recogen los artículos de investigación publicados por el equipo HBSC. Para hacer más sencilla la búsqueda, los artículos se dividen por áreas temáticas. Pulse aquella que le interese y será redirigido a las publicaciones científicas publicadas en esta temática.
Maltrato entre iguales
Uno de los fenómenos que con frecuencia se esconde detrás de la insatisfacción que los jóvenes tienen hacia las relaciones con sus iguales es el relacionado con el maltrato, acoso escolar o bullying. Actualmente se entiende que el maltrato entre iguales es un fenómeno grupal que implica y afecta tanto a la víctima como al agresor. Por un lado, las experiencias de maltrato pueden crear en la víctima estrés, ansiedad, miedo, tristeza, depresión, baja autoestima o fobia escolar. Por otro lado, estas experiencias proporcionan al agresor, en ocasiones, cierta conciencia de clandestinidad e impunidad que le aporta prestigio social entre algunos de sus compañeros (o el silencio, entre otros colegas) y que le anima a seguir abusando de los demás, a menudo de los más débiles (los que tienen menos recursos personales o de red social para defenderse). Sin embargo, no son desdeñables los porcentajes de adolescentes que pasan de ser maltratados a maltratadores, o bien que desempeñan ambos roles en paralelo. El bullying es un fenómeno complejo que requiere del estudio y monitorización de los datos con él relacionado. Habitualmente, los adolescentes, y la sociedad en general, han infravalorado la frecuencia de las situaciones de maltrato entre iguales, ya que usualmente las han asociado al daño físico, sin tener en cuenta que el maltrato pueden tener otras manifestaciones diferentes. Sin embargo, el impacto social que este fenómeno ha tenido en los últimos años puede haber provocado que los jóvenes y, de nuevo, la sociedad en general, sobreestimen su frecuencia, confundiendo una discusión con una situación de maltrato. Para evitar estos sesgos, en el cuestionario aplicado por este estudio se incluía la definición actualmente consensuada sobre qué es bullying, haciendo referencia a la intencionalidad de la conducta, la recurrencia en el tiempo y el desequilibrio de poder entre quien maltrata y quien recibe el maltrato.
A continuación se recogen los artículos de investigación publicados por el equipo HBSC en esta temática.
Bullying, cyberbullying, and adoption: What is the role of student–teacher connectedness? . 
Paniagua, C., García-Moya, I., Sánchez-Queija, I., & Moreno, C. (2022).
School Psychology, Advance online publication.
JCR (2021) PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL (22 OF 61). Q2
FI: 2,945
Enlace
Abstract: Bullying and cyberbullying have rarely been studied among the adoptive population, although the few studies available show adopted students frequently experience these phenomena. To address this research gap, this article examined potential differences in bullying and cyberbullying between domestic adoptees, intercountry adoptees, and nonadopted students, paying separate attention to frequent and occasional victimization and perpetration experiences. In addition, the aims of the article include analyzing student–teacher connectedness in these groups and exploring its potential protective role for the aforementioned bullying and cyberbullying experiences. The sample consists of 541 adopted adolescents (67.1% intercountry adoptees and 32.9% domestic adoptees) and 582 nonadopted adolescents aged 11–18 years who had participated in the 2017/2018 edition of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Spain. Results show that the likelihood of involvement in bullying and cyberbullying (either victimization or perpetration) was lower for the nonadopted group, whereas domestic adoptees were significantly more likely to report these experiences. Furthermore, student–teacher connectedness was lower among domestic adoptees compared to their nonadopted peers. Finally, teacher connectedness was consistently associated with a lower likelihood of frequent bullying and cyberbullying victimization, and of both occasional and frequent cyberbullying perpetration. Overall, our findings are consistent with an increased risk of bullying and cyberbullying among domestic adoptees and a predominantly consistent protective role of student–teacher connectedness, although differences depending on the specific kind of experience deserve further examination in future research. 
Multidimensional poverty among adolescents in 38 countries: Evidence from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2013/14 Study. 
Chzhen, Y., Bruckauf, Z., Toczydlowska, E., Elgar, F. J., Moreno-Maldonado, C., Stevens, G. W., ... & Gariépy, G. (2018).
Child Indicators Research, 11(3), 729–753.
JCR (2017) SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY (21 OF 98). Q1
FI: 1,858
Enlace
Abstract: This study applied UNICEF’s Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA) framework to adolescents (aged 11, 13 and 15) in 37 European countries and Canada using data from the 2013/14 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. It is one of the first applications of MODA based entirely on data collected from adolescents themselves rather than from household reference persons on their behalf. Unlike most other multidimensional child poverty studies, the present analysis focuses on non-material, relational aspects of child poverty. Substantial cross-country variation was found in the prevalence of adolescent deprivations in nutrition, perceived health, school environment, protection from peer violence, family environment and information access. These single dimensions of poverty did not closely relate to national wealth and income inequality. However, when we looked at deprivation in three or more dimensions (i.e., multidimensional poverty), we found association with income inequality. In most countries, girls were at a higher risk of multidimensional poverty than boys. In addition, adolescents who lived with both parents in the household or reported higher family wealth were consistently less poor than other adolescents, in both single and multiple dimensions. The results of this study show the interconnectedness of social (family, school support) and psychological (health and violence) dimensions of poverty for adolescents in higher income countries. Children poor in the domains of family and school environment are also likely to be poor in terms of perceived health and protection from peer violence. 
Trend analysis of bullying victimization prevalence in Spanish adolescent youth at school.
Sánchez-Queija, I., García-Moya, I. & Moreno, C. (2017). 
Journal of School Health, 87, 457-464.
JCR (2016) EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES (17 OF 41) Q2, HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES (53 OF 90) Q3
FI: 1,749 
Enlace
Abstract: We analyze trends in bullying victimization prevalence in a representative sample of Spanish adolescent schoolchildren in 2006, 2010, and 2014. METHODS: We distinguish between reported bullying, which is assessed via the global question in the Revised Bully/Victim Questionnaire by Olweus, and observed bullying, which is a measure developed from the answers that the adolescents gave to specific items that refer to different types of bullying that have been codified as physical, verbal, and relational bullying. RESULTS: For 2006 and 2010/2014, the results show stability in the assessment of reported bullying and an increase in observed bullying, analyzed both globally and within the 3 categories: physical, verbal, and relational. CONCLUSIONS: A valid, reliable, and accurate measure to detect cases of bullying is necessary, as is the importance of continuing efforts devoted to raising awareness and the prevention of this phenomenon.
When foster care is called “home”: Risk and protective issues.
Camacho, I., Matos, M. G., Mota, C., Tomé, G., Reis, M., & Jiménez-Iglesias, A. (2016). 
 British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 15(3), 1-12.
Revista nueva que ha iniciado los trámites para ser indexada en ISI/JCR y PubMed.
Enlace
Abstract: The aim of this study was to understand in depth the differences that exist between adolescents in foster care and adolescents living with their families (living with mother and father; living with mother or father; living with mother and stepfather; living with father and stepmother). Methodology: The Portuguese HBSC survey included 6026 students (47.7% were boys). Results: Adolescents in foster care when compared with their peers, show more risk behaviours such as: smoking, being drunk and being more violent. These adolescents often report that they are sad, nervous and angry, are more frequently worried, and practice less physical activity. Conclusion: Health promotion interventions with adolescents in foster care, similarly to those living in different types of family structures are important because they may prevent risk behaviours and promote health and well-being.  
Characterization of vulnerable and resilient Spanish adolescents in their developmental contexts.
Moreno, C., García-Moya, I., Rivera, F., & Ramos, P. (2016). 
 Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 983.
JCR (2015): PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (29 OF 129). Q1
FI: 2,463
Enlace
Abstract: Research on resilience and vulnerability can offer very valuable information for optimizing design and assessment of interventions and policies aimed at fostering adolescent health. This paper used the adversity level associated with family functioning and the positive adaptation level, as measured by means of a global health score, to distinguish four groups within a representative sample of Spanish adolescents aged 13–16 years: maladaptive, resilient, competent and vulnerable. The aforementioned groups were compared in a number of demographic, school context, peer context, lifestyles, psychological and socioeconomic variables, which can facilitate or inhibit positive adaptation in each context. In addition, the degree to which each factor tended to associate with resilience and vulnerability was examined. The majority of the factors operated by increasing the likelihood of good adaptation in resilient adolescents and diminishing it in vulnerable ones. Overall, more similarities than differences were found in the factors contributing to explaining resilience or vulnerability. However, results also revealed some differential aspects: psychological variables showed a larger explicative capacity in vulnerable adolescents, whereas factors related to school and peer contexts, especially the second, showed a stronger association with resilience. In addition, perceived family wealth, satisfaction with friendships and breakfast frequency only made a significant contribution to the explanation of resilience. The current study provides a highly useful characterization of resilience and vulnerability phenomena in adolescence.
Bullying Victimization Prevalence and Its Effects on Psychosomatic Complaints. Can Sense of Coherence Make a Difference?
García-Moya, I., Suominen, S. & Moreno, C. (2014). 
 Journal of School Health, 84(10), 646-653. 
JCR: EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES (11 OF 37). Q2; HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES (57 OF 88). Q3; PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (92 OF 165). Q3
FI: 1,434 
Enlace
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of bullying victimization and its impact on physical and psychological complaints in a representative sample of adolescents and to explore the role of sense of coherence (SOC) in victimization prevalence and consequences. Methods: A representative sample of Spanish adolescents (N = 7580, mean age = 15.41) was selected as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Bullying victimization, physical and psychological symptoms, and SOC were measured, and comparisons were made between strong- and weak-SOC adolescents regarding their likelihood of being a victim of bullying and the negative effects of bullying victimization on their health. Results: Weak-SOC adolescents were significantly more likely to suffer from bullying victimization regardless of type (nonphysical vs physical and nonphysical) or means (traditional vs cyberbullying). In addition, bullying victimization showed significant increasing effects on weak-SOC adolescents' physical and psychological symptoms whereas in strong-SOC adolescents it was not significantly associated with increases in physical complaints and its effects on psychological complaints seemed to be weaker. Conclusions: Weak-SOC adolescents seem to be at higher risk of becoming bullying victims and victimization experiences appear to have increased negative effects on them when compared to strong-SOC students.
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