Iguales y tiempo libre
A continuación se recogen los artículos de investigación publicados por el equipo HBSC. Para hacer más sencilla la búsqueda, los artículos se dividen por áreas temáticas. Pulse aquella que le interese y será redirigido a las publicaciones científicas publicadas en esta temática.
Iguales y tiempo libre
La importancia de las relaciones con los iguales es un hecho suficientemente corroborado por investigadores y profesionales que trabajan en el ámbito de la infancia y la adolescencia. Este tipo de relaciones constituye un contexto privilegiado para el aprendizaje de diversas habilidades, como son la capacidad empática, la adopción de perspectivas, la comunicación, la cooperación o la gestión y resolución de conflictos. Además, la amistad aporta un contexto de apoyo para el desarrollo de la autoexploración, el crecimiento emocional, la validación del yo, la búsqueda de la identidad y el desarrollo moral. La experiencia de apoyo y el sentimiento de satisfacción de los jóvenes con sus relaciones de amistad se relacionan con una alta autoestima y un buen ajuste, así como con ausencia de aislamiento y menos tendencia a la depresión. La insatisfacción con el contexto de los iguales, por su parte, se relaciona con lo que se conocen como problemas internalizados, fundamentalmente sentimientos de soledad, insatisfacción, baja autoestima y depresión.
Otro tema que tiene una incidencia importante en el desarrollo adolescente tiene que ver con cómo se invierte el tiempo libre. Así, una cuestión central en el desarrollo positivo de la juventud es conseguir que los adolescentes se involucren, durante su tiempo libre, en actividades que les entusiasmen y promuevan el desarrollo de habilidades. La investigación realizada hasta la fecha muestra que el tiempo libre no implica tiempo "vacío", por el contrario se trata de un período de tiempo lleno de oportunidades para la socialización y el aprendizaje. De los muchos aspectos que podrían ser abordados en relación con las actividades de tiempo libre, este informe se detiene en sus implicaciones sobre el sedentarismo y en un tipo específico de actividad que ha mostrado claros beneficios sobre el desarrollo adolescente: la que se produce dentro del contexto de una organización, bajo supervisión y que lleva aparejada la consecución de logros o metas.
A continuación se recogen los artículos de investigación publicados por el equipo HBSC en esta temática.
Factors associated with life satisfaction of adolescents living with employed and unemployed parents in Spain and Portugal: A person focused approach.
    Moreno-Maldonado, C., Jiménez-Iglesias, A., Camacho, I., Rivera, F., Moreno, C., & Matos, M. G. (2020).
Children and Youth Services Review.
JCR (2019): FAMILY STUDIES (18 de 46). Q2 / SOCIAL WORK (7 de 43). Q1
FI: 1.684
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Abstract: Family and friend relationships may have a protective effect against the negative consequences of parental unemployment. However, whereas some studies have shown positive effects of family and peer relationships for all adolescents, others suggest that vulnerable groups have more difficulty benefiting from the positive effects of these relationships. The aim of this work was: (1) to analyze the association of different factors (satisfaction with family and friends, age, sex, and country) with life satisfaction in four groups of adolescents created according to their parents’ employment status (both parents unemployed, unemployed mothers and employed fathers, unemployed fathers and employed mothers, and both parents unemployed); and (2) to examine differences between countries in the constellations of factors related to adolescents life satisfaction in each group. The sample was composed of 21,081 adolescents from Portugal and Spain (11–16 years old) who participated in the 2014 edition of the HBSC study in both countries. Classification tree Analyses for the first objective, and general linear model and mean comparisons for the second, were performed. Results showed that some factors were associated with high life satisfaction in the majority of the adolescents: high family and friend satisfaction, being male, being younger, and being Spanish. However, for adolescents with both parents unemployed, life satisfaction was associated only with family satisfaction and age. Sex- and country-based differences were significant in all adolescents with at least one employed parent, but were not significant in adolescents with both parents unemployed. Findings highlight that family satisfaction plays a fundamental role in adolescent life satisfaction —especially for those with both parents unemployed— and that cultural and sex differences disappear in vulnerable situations.
Characterization of Resilient Adolescents in the Context of Parental Unemployment.
    Moreno-Maldonado, C., Jiménez-Iglesias, A., Rivera, F., & Moreno, C. (2019).
Child Indicators Research.
JCR (2018) SOCIAL SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY (39 OF 104): Q2
FI: 1,656
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Abstract: This research analyzes a group of Spanish adolescents at high risk of adversity –conceptualized as living in households with no employed parent– in one of the countries where unemployment rates have risen significantly due to the recent economic recession. The objective was to identify sociodemographic and contextual factors that promote resilience in this context. Using the Extreme Group Approach and the theoretical framework of resilience, two groups of adolescents living in households with no employed parent were selected from the HBSC-2014 edition in Spain depending on their adaptive response to the risk, measured by a global health score. Therefore, from a total sample of 1336 adolescents at high risk (living in households with no employed parent), 290 resilient adolescents (those who presented the highest scores in their global health score) and 618 maladaptive adolescents (those presenting lower scores in their global health score) were selected, resulting in a final sample composed of 908 adolescents aged 11–18 years old (M = 15.2; DT = 2.18), with a balanced representation of boys and girls. Results showed that support from, and satisfaction with, family and friend relationships, as well as support from classmates and teachers, and satisfaction with the school environment, are protective factors that can foster resilience when facing adversity provoked by parental unemployment and its negative consequences for adolescent health. Intervention programs aimed at reducing the negative impact of parental unemployment on adolescent health should consider these contextual factors, as well as individual factors such as age or sex.
The sources of support and their relation on the global health of adopted and non-adopted adolescents. 
Paniagua, C., Moreno, C., Rivera, F., & Ramos, P. (2019).
Children and Youth Services Review, bcy028
JCR (2018): FAMILY STUDIES (18 de 46). Q2 / SOCIAL WORK (7 de 43). Q1
FI: 1.684
Enlace
Abstract: Despite its importance, few studies have analysed the influence of social support on the global health of adoptees, especially during adolescence. Considering research claiming that the emotional and social development is one of the last areas to recover from an initial adversity in life, it would be expected that the influence of the social support received by adoptees would follow a different logic to that which characterises the normative population. The present study aims to analyse the roles of the family, friends, classmates and teachers and their relationship with global health, by exploring whether there are any differences between adoptees and non-adoptees. The sample consists of 28,768 adolescents aged between 11 and 18, who participated in the Spanish cross-sectional study Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2014. In this sample, 394 were adopted. The results show that family support is more relevant for adoptees than non-adoptees, and classmate and teacher support is more relevant for non-adoptees than adoptees. In addition, in the case of adopted adolescents, there is no direct relationship between the school context and their global health; instead, the relationship is mediated by family and friends support. 
Under the Same Label: Adopted Adolescents’ Heterogeneity in Well-Being and Perception of Social Contexts. 
Paniagua, C., Moreno, C., Román, M., Palacios, J., Grotevant, H. D., & Rivera, F. (2019).
Youth & Society, 1-25
JCR (2018): SOCIAL ISSUES (5 DE 42). Q1 / SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARYCIAL (13 de 104). Q1 / SOCIOLOGY (22 de 148). Q1
FI: 2.523
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Abstract: This study compares a sample of 223 adopted adolescents with a nonadopted reference group representative of the Spanish adolescent population from the “Spanish Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study.” Variables related to the family context, peers, school context, and emotional well-being are compared. Adoptees are not only analyzed as a group, but also according to the type of adoption (domestic or intercountry) and the birth area of origin (Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe). The results showed more similarities than differences between the whole group of adoptees and the reference group, as well as heterogeneity within the adoptees depending on their origin. 
School Performance Paths: Personal and Contextual Factors Related to Top Performers and Low Achievers in Portugal and Spain. 
Simões, C., Rivera, F., Moreno, C., & Gaspar de Matos, M. (2018). 
 The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 21, E36.
JCR (2017) PSYCHOLOGY (71 OF 78). Q4
FI: 0.629
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Abstract: School performance is a critical aspect of adolescents’ lives. Several factors have an impact on school performance. The aim of this study is to analyse the relevant personal and contextual variables associated with top performance and low achievement in a sample of Portuguese and Spanish adolescent students. The sample included 1,564 adolescents, mean age 14 years old, and was collected from the HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) survey. The questions in this study covered sociodemographic, health and wellbeing, health-related behaviours, family, school and peers. Results show that students with low performance more frequently have worse social-contextual and personal/health-related indicators, while the opposite is the case for top performers. Student-teacher relationships appeared as the most influential variable on school performance paths (χ2(2) = 328.11, p < .001), but other variables within families (e.g. mother studies, χ2(2) = 50.54, p < .001) and schools (e.g. liking the school, χ2(1) = 16.27, p < .001 and χ2(1) = 22.54, p < .01, in the low and high student-teacher relationship branches of a decision tree, respectively), as well as some health and wellbeing variables (e.g. health related-quality of life, χ2(2) = 53.58, p < .001, and χ2(2) = 63.86, p < .001, in the low and high student-teacher relationship branches, respectively) appeared significant in the paths.
Social support from developmental contexts and adolescent substance use and well-being: A comparative study of Spain and Portugal.
Jiménez-Iglesias, A., Camacho, I., Rivera, F., Moreno, C., y Matos, M. G. (2017).
The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 20. e64. 
JCR (2016) PSYCHOLOGY (70 OF 77). Q4
FI: 0,502 

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Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the contribution of social support from family, friend and school (teacher and classmate) contexts in substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) and well-being (life satisfaction and health-related quality of life). Participants were 5,784 Portuguese and 22,610 Spanish adolescents aged 11 to 16 years, from the 2014 edition of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Portugal and Spain. Results showed that for a higher life satisfaction, family (p < .001, partial η2 = .032), teacher (p < .001, partial η2 = .018) and classmate (p < .001, partial η2 = .031) support were important in Portugal, and family (p < .001, partial η2 = .056) and friend (p < .001, partial η2 = .015) support in Spain. Similarly, for a better health-related quality of life, all the social support variables were relevant in Portugal (family: p < .001, partial η2 = .063; teacher: p < .001, partial η2 = .032; classmate: p < .001, partial η2= .054; friend: p < .001, partial η2 = .034) and in Spain (family: p < .001, partial η2 = .054; teacher: p < .001, partial η2 = .014; classmate: p < .001, partial η2 = .018; friend: p < .001, partial η2 = .040). In contrast, only family support (p < .001, partial η2 = .014) was relevant in Portugal for tobacco use. Therefore, social support was more relevant for adolescent well-being than for adolescent substance use, and the most relevant source of support was family support, in both Spain and Portugal.
How family socioeconomic status, peer behaviors, and school-based intervention on healthy habits influence adolescent eating behaviors.
Moreno-Maldonado, C., Ramos, P., Rivera, F., & Moreno, C. (2018). 
 School Psychology International, 39(1), 92–118. 
JCR (2016) PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL (46 OF 580). Q4
FI: 1,012
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Abstract: Psychologists in schools can play an important role in developing policies and programs to promote healthy eating habits. This study analyses the contributions of family socioeconomic status, peer influence (schoolmates’ food consumption), and school-based nutrition interventions to explain adolescent eating behaviors. Data were obtained from the 2014 Health behaviour in school-aged children survey in Spain, with a sample of 6,851 adolescents (11- to 16-years-old). The results suggest that school-based healthy-eating programs could improve by considering parental education level and by implementing interventions focused on the peer social network. Policies that limit access to unhealthy products in schools – rather than simply offering healthy foods alongside unhealthy products – could be more effective.
Emotional and psychosocial factors associated with drunkenness and the use of tobacco and cannabis in adolescence: Independent or interactive effects?
García-Moya, I., Ortiz Barón, M. J, y Moreno, C. (2017) 
Substance Use & Misuse, 52(8), 1039-1050. 
JCR (2016) SUBSTANCE ABUSE (26 OF 34) Q4
FI: 1,234

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Abstract: Although previous research has examined emotional and psychosocial factors associated with substance use, there is a paucity of studies examining both at the same time, and insufficient attention has been paid to how these factors may interact. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to simultaneously examine the contributions from emotional (emotional control and depression) and psychosocial (peers' conventional behavior, peers' substance use and parent-child relationships) factors to drunkenness and the use of tobacco and cannabis in adolescence. METHODS: Sample consisted of 1,752 adolescents aged 15 to 16 years who had participated in the 2014 edition of the WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey in Spain. Data were collected by means of anonymous online questionnaires, and hierarchical multiple regression models (with sex and age as controls and including interactions among the examined predictors) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Emotional and psychosocial factors showed significant interactive effects on substance use. Emotional control, which tended to buffer the effects of potential risk factors, and peers' substance use were consistent predictors of substance use. In contrast, the role of other factors depended on the substance under study, with depression and peers' conventional behavior being part of interactive terms for tobacco use and cannabis use only, and the quality of parent-child relationships being absent from the final model on cannabis use. Conclusions/Importance: Exploring interactions and potential substance-specific effects is fundamental to reach a better understanding of how emotional and psychosocial factors work in concert relative to substance use in adolescence.
When foster care is called “home”: Risk and protective issues.
Camacho, I., Matos, M. G., Mota, C., Tomé, G., Reis, M., & Jiménez-Iglesias, A. (2016). 
 British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 15(3), 1-12.
Revista nueva que ha iniciado los trámites para ser indexada en ISI/JCR y PubMed.
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Abstract: The aim of this study was to understand in depth the differences that exist between adolescents in foster care and adolescents living with their families (living with mother and father; living with mother or father; living with mother and stepfather; living with father and stepmother). Methodology: The Portuguese HBSC survey included 6026 students (47.7% were boys). Results: Adolescents in foster care when compared with their peers, show more risk behaviours such as: smoking, being drunk and being more violent. These adolescents often report that they are sad, nervous and angry, are more frequently worried, and practice less physical activity. Conclusion: Health promotion interventions with adolescents in foster care, similarly to those living in different types of family structures are important because they may prevent risk behaviours and promote health and well-being.  
Characterization of vulnerable and resilient Spanish adolescents in their developmental contexts. 
Moreno, C., García-Moya, I., Rivera, F., & Ramos, P. (2016). 
 Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 983.
JCR (2015): PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (29 OF 129). Q1
FI: 2,463
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Abstract: Research on resilience and vulnerability can offer very valuable information for optimizing design and assessment of interventions and policies aimed at fostering adolescent health. This paper used the adversity level associated with family functioning and the positive adaptation level, as measured by means of a global health score, to distinguish four groups within a representative sample of Spanish adolescents aged 13–16 years: maladaptive, resilient, competent and vulnerable. The aforementioned groups were compared in a number of demographic, school context, peer context, lifestyles, psychological and socioeconomic variables, which can facilitate or inhibit positive adaptation in each context. In addition, the degree to which each factor tended to associate with resilience and vulnerability was examined. The majority of the factors operated by increasing the likelihood of good adaptation in resilient adolescents and diminishing it in vulnerable ones. Overall, more similarities than differences were found in the factors contributing to explaining resilience or vulnerability. However, results also revealed some differential aspects: psychological variables showed a larger explicative capacity in vulnerable adolescents, whereas factors related to school and peer contexts, especially the second, showed a stronger association with resilience. In addition, perceived family wealth, satisfaction with friendships and breakfast frequency only made a significant contribution to the explanation of resilience. The current study provides a highly useful characterization of resilience and vulnerability phenomena in adolescence.
Obtaining a hierarchy of contextual factors in shaping the sense of coherence of male and female adolescents. 
García-Moya, I., Moreno, C. & Rivera, F. (2014). 
Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 1267-1287. 
JCR: PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (42 OF 129). Q2 / SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY (17 OF 97). Q1
FI: 1,683
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Abstract: Sense of coherence (SOC) is an important predictor of health and subjective well-being, but research on the factors that shape SOC development is scarce. Using structural equation modeling, this study obtained a hierarchy of the contributions of several contextual factors to SOC in a representative sample of adolescents (N = 4,943, M age = 15.43) selected for the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey in Spain. Goodness-of-fit indices consistent with good fit, logical parameter estimates and a level of explained variability of 38.2 % were found in the final model. The examination of parameter estimates provided a hierarchy of contextual factors in shaping SOC. Quality of parent–child relationships was the most influential factor and appeared at the top of the hierarchy. Positive models of behavior in the peer group, neighborhood assets and classmate support occupied intermediate positions, and teacher support appeared at the bottom of the hierarchy. Multi-group analysis revealed more commonalities than differences between male and female adolescents, with the exception of teacher support, which seemed to have a higher significance for the SOC of females.
Perceived quality of social relations and frequent drunkenness: A cross-sectional study of Spanish adolescents. 
Kjærulff, T.M., Rivera, F., Jiménez-Iglesias, A. & Moreno, C. (2014). 
Alcohol and Alcoholism, 49(4), 466-471.
JCR (2014): SUBSTANCE ABUSE (5 OF 35). Q1
FI: 2,889
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine, for female and male students separately, whether perceived quality of relationships with peers and parents and relations in school predict self-reported frequent drunkenness among Spanish adolescents. METHODS: The Spanish data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (HBSC) 2010 survey were used including 1177 female and 1126 male students aged between 15 and 16 years. Results: For both genders, students reporting low school satisfaction had increased odds of frequent drunkenness. Among females, low and medium levels of classmate support were associated with decreased odds of frequent drunkenness, whereas low perceived maternal knowledge as well as medium and low satisfaction with the family increased odds of being frequently drunk. The proportion of male students reporting medium satisfaction with friendships had significantly lower odds of frequent drunkenness compared with those with high level of satisfaction with friendships. Conclusion: We found different associations between perceived quality of social relations and frequent drunkenness among male and female students. Results showed that social relations seemed to better predictors of frequent drunkenness among female than male students and that other factors than social relations may contribute to explain excessive alcohol use among Spanish adolescents.
Developmental contexts and sense of coherence in adolescence: a systematic review 
Rivera, F., García-Moya, I., Moreno, C. y Ramos, P. (2013). 
Journal of Health Psychology, 18(6), 800-812. 
JCR: CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (50 OF 111). Q2
FI: 1,826
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Abstract: The salutogenic model has led to revolutionary changes in the study of health. In recent years, a large amount of research has been carried out on the relationship between sense of coherence and health, but relatively little is known about sense of coherence in adolescence. This study is a systematic review of the studies that looked at sense of coherence in adolescent samples. Valuable information is provided regarding the characteristics of the samples, the reliability of the sense of coherence scale versions, the influence of demographic variables and how family, school, peers and neighbourhood impact sense of coherence development. Furthermore, future directions for the study of sense of coherence inadolescence are provided.
Understanding the joint effects of family and other developmental contexts on the sense of coherence (SOC): A person-focused analysis using the Classification Tree.
García-Moya, I., Moreno, C. & Jiménez-Iglesias, A. (2013). 
Journal of Adolescence, 36(5), 913-923. 
JCR: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (34 OF 65). Q3
FI: 1,638 
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Abstract: Using a person-focused approach, the present study sought to identify meaningful constellations of contextual factors that led to predominantly high and low levels of sense of coherence (SOC). Specifically, the contributions of the quality of parent-child relationships, teacher and classmate support, models of behaviour in the peer group, and neighbourhood assets were examined in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents aged 13 to 18 that had taken part in the 2010 edition of the study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children. The quality of parent-child relationships emerged as the main predictor of SOC for the whole sample, but the remaining factors also made significant contributions, which underlines the importance of the simultaneous analysis of the main contexts in adolescents' lives. Additionally, the identified constellations usually included compensatory effects, so no factor should be considered to be completely determining. Interestingly, the role of support at school was different depending on contextual profiles.
Sense of coherence and substance use in Spanish adolescents. Does the effect of SOC depend on patterns of substance use in their peer group? 
García-Moya, I., Jiménez-Iglesias, A., & Moreno, C. (2013). 
Adicciones, 25(2), 109-117.
JCR: SUBSTANCE ABUSE (23 OF 35). Q3
FI: 1,167
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Abstract: The aims of this work were to analyse the relationships between sense of coherence (SOC) and substance use among Spanish adolescents and to examine the potential moderator effect of the patterns of substance use in the peer group. Sample consisted of 5475 Spanish adolescents aged 15 to 18 from the 2010 edition of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Statistical analysis included cluster analysis to identify groups of adolescents according to their peer group's patterns of substance use and logistic regression with SOC and peers' pattern of consumption as predictors of current tobacco use, current alcohol use, life-time drunkenness and current drunkenness. The results showed that a strong SOCseemed to reduce the adolescents' likelihood of involving in tobacco use and drunkenness, but it was not associated with being a current drinker. In addition, the protective effect of SOC was moderated by peers' patterns of substance use. Specifically, SOC had a significant protective influence inadolescents whose peer group showed either a nonconsumption pattern or a pattern of frequent alcohol use and occasional drunkenness; but the protective effect of SOC disappeared if peers showed a pattern of consumption that included illegal drugs. In conclusion, SOC tends to act as a protective personal variable with respect to substance use during adolescence, but the influence exerted by the peer group seems to moderate the aforementioned protective effect of SOC.
Beneficios del contexto asociativo en las actividades de tiempo libre de los adolescentes españoles.
Ramos, P., Rivera, F., & Moreno, C. (2012). 
Infancia y Aprendizaje, 35(3), 365-378.
JCR: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (62 OF 65). Q4 / EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY (42 OF 51). Q4
FI: 0,603
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Abstract: Given the shortage of studies addressing the keys for health of practising leisure activities during adolescence, it is considered necessary to analyse this issue in depth. This research is part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children's study (HBSC-2006). The data presented are a sample of 22,811 Spanish adolescents from 11 to 18 years. Through significance tests, effect sizes, cluster analysis and adjusted residuals, we obtained relevant information about the health profits of leisure conducted within an association, as well as practical implications for promotion, that were focused on differences by age, sex and region.
Substance use in Portuguese and Spanish adolescents: Highlights from differences and similarities and moderate effects.
Simões, C., Gaspar-Matos, M., Moreno, C., Rivera, F., Batista-Foguet, J. M., & Simons-Morton, B. (2012). 
The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(3), 1024-1037.
JCR: MULTIDISCIPLINARY PSYCHOLOGY (73 OF 126). Q3
FI: 0,827
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Abstract: Many behaviors with lasting health impact are initiated in adolescence. Substance use is one such behavior. To analyse the factors involved in adolescent substance use among Portuguese and Spanish boys and girls, an explanatory model was developed using structural equations modelling. The model proposes that the impact of social contexts (family, friends, classmates and teachers) on substance use (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs) is mediated by perceptions of well-being (psychological symptoms, well-being and school satisfaction). Data on 1589 Portuguese (mean age = 13.27, SD = .59) and 4191 Spanish adolescents (mean age = 13.21; SD = .47) who took part in the HBSC/WHO survey were analysed. The model fits the data of each country (CFI > .90; RMSEA < .03) and the majority of the relationships proposed in the model have been as expected for both samples. The relations with a major effect, for both countries, were: the negative effect of family on psychological symptoms and the positive effect of family on subjective well-being; the negative effect of classmates on psychological symptoms; the positive effect of teachers on school satisfaction; the effect of psychological symptoms (negative) and school satisfaction (positive) on well-being; the negative effect of school satisfaction on tobacco and alcohol use; and the positive effect of tobacco on alcohol use, and alcohol use on cannabis. For each of the dependent factors studied (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs), the levels of explained variance varied between 9% (for tobacco use) and 46% (for alcohol use). Some non-invariant paths were obtained in country comparisons, controlling for gender. In multivariate analyses the paths from tobacco use to cannabis and from alcohol to cannabis were significant, but much stronger for Spanish girls than Portuguese girls.
Does social capital travel? Influences on the life satisfaction of young people living in England and Spain.
Morgan, A.R., Rivera, F., Moreno, C., & Haglund, B. (2012). 
 BMC Public Health, 12:138.
JCR: PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (55 OF 139 IN SCIENCE CI). Q2
FI: 2,076
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Abstract: This study used a social capital framework to examine the relationship between a set of potential protective ('health assets') factors and the wellbeing of 15 year adolescents living in Spain and England. The overall purpose of the study was to compare the consistency of these relationships between countries and to investigate their respective relative importance. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2002, English and Spanish components of the WHO Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey A total of 3,591 respondents (1884, Spain; 1707, England) aged 15, drawn from random samples of students in 215 and 80 schools respectively were included in the study. A series of univariate, bivariate and multivariate (general linear modelling and decision tree) analyses were used to establish the relationships. Results: Results showed that the wellbeing of Spanish and English adolescents is similar and good. Three measures of social capital and 2 measures of social support were found to be important factors in the general linear model. Namely, family autonomy and control; family and school sense of belonging; and social support at home and school. However, there were differences in how the sub components of social capital manifest themselves in each country--feelings of autonomy of control, were more important in England and social support factors in Spain. Conclusions: There is some evidence to suggest that social capital (and its related concept of social support) do travel and are applicable toyoung people living in Spain and England. Given the different constellation of assets found in each country, it is not possible to define exactly the precise formula for applying social capital across cultures. This should more appropriately be defined at the programme planning stage.
Iguales, familia y participación en actividades deportivas organizadas durante la adolescencia.
García-Moya, I, Moreno, C., Rivera, F., Ramos, P., & Jiménez-Iglesias, A. (2012). 
 Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 21(1), 153-158.
JCR: APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY (51 OF 73). Q3
FI: 0,897
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Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar la influencia de la presencia de la actividad deportiva en el grupo de iguales y la familia en la frecuencia con que los adolescentes realizan actividades deportivas organizadas. Se empleó una muestra de 9821 adolescentes escolarizados españoles de entre 11 y 18 años procedentes de la edición 2010 del Estudio internacional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis multivariante de Answer Tree, indican que el género fue el mejor predictor de la actividad deportiva organizada, siendo la participación notablemente mayor en los chicos. En cuanto al papel del resto de variables, la presencia de la actividad deportiva en el grupo de iguales y las actividades familiares fueron las variables más influyentes en los chicos. En las chicas, en cambio, la edad surgió como primer factor y la influencia de familia y grupo de iguales fue distinta dependiendo de la edad. En conclusión, familia e iguales parecen ser influencias significativas en la implicación en actividades deportivas, aunque su papel es distinto dependiendo del género y la edad del adolescente.
The classification of Spanish adolescents based on substance consumption patterns and the analysis of the relationships within their social developmental contexts.
Ramos, P., Moreno, C., Rivera, F., & López, A. (2011).The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14 (2), 734-745.
FI: 0,740
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Abstract: This research is part of the 2006 edition of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The data presented were composed of a sample of 15942 galanranging from 13 to 18 years of age. The instruments used included a variety of questions related to substanceconsumption among adolescents, their bio-psycho-social adjustment and developmental contexts, all of which are part of the HBSC study instrument bank. Through classification analysis, as well as significance and effect size tests, we obtained relevant information about the current epidemiology of substance consumption among Spanish adolescents. These results are representative of the Spanish adolescent population which allows the typical risk profile attributed to young people to be clarified. A gradual adjustment can be seen in terms of substance consumption levels in youth and that same level in their friends. Likewise, the analysis of the developmental context (family, friends and school) provides important information when it comes to preventing substance consumption, thus showing the advantages that coherence and connection have between the different environments where youth live, grow up and develop.
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